Research Saturday

This week, we are joined by Martin Zugec, Technical Solutions Director from Bitdefender, sharing their work and findings on "EggStreme Malware: Unpacking a New APT Framework Targeting a Philippine Military Company." Built for long-term espionage, the campaign uses DLL sideloading, in-memory execution, and abused Windows services to stay stealthy and persistent.

We walk through how the multi-stage framework delivers a powerful backdoor with reconnaissance, lateral movement, data theft, and keylogging capabilities—and what this operation reveals about the evolving tactics defenders need to watch for.

The research can be found here:

While our team is out on winter break, please enjoy this episode of Research Saturday.

Today we are joined by ⁠⁠Selena Larson⁠⁠, co-host of ⁠⁠Only Malware in the Building⁠⁠ and Staff Threat Researcher and Lead Intelligence Analysis and Strategy at ⁠⁠Proofpoint⁠⁠, sharing their work on "Microsoft OAuth App Impersonation Campaign Leads to MFA Phishing." Proofpoint researchers have identified campaigns where threat actors use fake Microsoft OAuth apps to impersonate services like Adobe, DocuSign, and SharePoint, stealing credentials and bypassing MFA via attacker-in-the-middle phishing kits, mainly Tycoon.

These attacks redirect users to fake Microsoft login pages to capture credentials...

While our team is out on winter break, please enjoy this episode of Research Saturday.

This week, we are joined by ⁠Tom Hegel⁠, Principal Threat Researcher from ⁠SentinelLabs⁠ research team, to discuss their work on "Ghostwriter | New Campaign Targets Ukrainian Government and Belarusian Opposition." The latest Ghostwriter campaign, linked to Belarusian government espionage, is actively targeting Ukrainian military and government entities as well as Belarusian opposition activists using weaponized Excel documents.

SentinelLabs identified new malware variants and tactics, including obfuscated VBA macros that deploy malware via DLL files, with payload delivery seemingly controlled based on a target...

Darren Meyer, Security Research Advocate at Checkmarx, is sharing their work on "Bypassing AI Agent Defenses with Lies-in-the-Loop." Checkmarx Zero researchers introduce “lies-in-the-loop,” a new attack technique that bypasses human‑in‑the‑loop AI safety controls by deceiving users into approving dangerous actions that appear benign.

Using examples with AI code assistants like Claude Code, the research shows how prompt injection and manipulated context can trick both the agent and the human reviewer into enabling remote code execution. The findings highlight a growing risk as AI agents become more common in developer workflows, underscoring the limits of human over...

Daniel Schwalbe, DomainTools Head of Investigations and CISO, is sharing their work on "Inside the Great Firewall." This two-part research project analyzes an extraordinary 500–600GB leak that exposes the internal architecture, tooling, and human ecosystem behind China’s Great Firewall.

Across both parts, you break down thousands of leaked documents, source code repositories, diagrams, packet captures, and telemetry that reveal how systems like the Traffic Secure Gateway, MAAT, Redis-based analytics, and modular DPI engines work together to censor, surveil, and fingerprint users at scale. Taken together, the research shows how the Great Firewall functions not just as a te...

Jaron Bradley, Director of Jamf Threat Labs, is sharing their work on "ChillyHell: A Deep Dive into a Modular macOS Backdoor." Jamf Threat Labs uncovers a newly notarized macOS backdoor called ChillyHell, tied to past UNC4487 activity and disguised as a legitimate applet.

The malware showcases robust host profiling, multiple persistence mechanisms, timestomping, and flexible C2 communications over both DNS and HTTP. Its modular design includes reverse shells, payload delivery, self-updates, and a brute-force component targeting user credentials.

The research can be found here:

Please enjoy this encore of Research Saturday.

This week, we are joined by ⁠Michael Gorelik⁠, Chief Technology Officer from ⁠Morphisec⁠, discussing their work on "New Noodlophile Stealer Distributes Via Fake AI Video Generation Platforms." A new threat dubbed Noodlophile Stealer is exploiting the popularity of AI-powered content tools by posing as fake AI video generation platforms, luring users into uploading media in exchange for malware-laced downloads.

Distributed through convincing Facebook groups and viral campaigns, the malware steals browser credentials, cryptocurrency wallets, and can deploy a remote access trojan like XWorm. The campaign uses a layered, obfuscat...

Alex Berninger, Senior Manager of Intelligence at Red Canary, and Mike Wylie, Director, Threat Hunting at Zscaler, join to discuss four phishing lures in campaigns dropping RMM tools. Red Canary and Zscaler uncovered phishing campaigns delivering legitimate remote monitoring and management (RMM) tools—like ITarian, PDQ, SimpleHelp, and Atera—to gain stealthy access to victim systems. Attackers used four main lures (fake browser updates, meeting invites, party invitations, and fake government forms) and often deployed multiple RMM tools in quick succession to establish persistent access and deliver additional malware.

The report highlights detection opportunities, provides indicators of comp...

Dr. Renée Burton, Vice President of Threat Intelligence from Infoblox, is sharing the team's work on "Deniability by Design: DNS-Driven Insights into a Malicious Ad Network." Infoblox returns with new threat actor research uncovering Vane Viper, a Cyprus-based holding company behind PropellerAds—one of the world’s largest advertising networks. The report reveals that Vane Viper isn’t just being exploited by criminals but operates as a criminal infrastructure itself, built to profit from fraud, malware, and disinformation through offshore entities and complex ownership structures.

The findings highlight the growing convergence between adtech, cybercrime, and state-linked influen...

Tal Peleg, Senior Product Manager, and Coby Abrams, Cyber Security Researcher of Varonis, discussing their work and findings on Rusty Pearl - Remote Code Execution in Postgres Instances. The flaw could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands on a database server’s operating system, leading to potential data theft, destruction, or lateral movement across networks.

While the vulnerability existed in PostgreSQL, Amazon RDS and Aurora were not affected, thanks to built-in protections like SELinux and AWS’s automated threat detection. Still, the research underscores the importance of patching and configuration hygiene in managed database environments.

The...

Today we are joined by Dario Pasquini, Principal Researcher at RSAC, sharing the team's work on WhenAIOpsBecome “AI Oops”: Subverting LLM-driven IT Operations via Telemetry Manipulation. A first-of-its-kind security analysis showing that LLM-driven AIOps agents can be tricked by manipulated telemetry, turning automation itself into a new attack vector.

The researchers introduce AIOpsDoom, an automated reconnaissance + fuzzing + LLM-driven telemetry-injection attack that performs “adversarial reward-hacking” to coerce agents into harmful remediations—even without prior knowledge of the target and even against some prompt-defense tools. They also present AIOpsShield, a telemetry-sanitization defense that reliably blocks these attacks without harming normal age...

Noam Moshe, Claroty’s Vulnerability Research Team Lead, joins Dave to discuss Team 82's work on "Turning Camera Surveillance on its Axis." Team82 disclosed four vulnerabilities in Axis.Remoting—deserialization, a MiTM “pass-the-challenge” NTLMSSP flaw, and an unauthenticated fallback HTTP endpoint—that enable pre-auth remote code execution against Axis Device Manager and Axis Camera Station.
They found more than 6,500 Axis.Remoting services exposed online (over half in the U.S.), letting attackers enumerate targets, install malicious Axis packages, and hijack, view, or shut down managed camera fleets.Axis published an urgent advisory, issued patches for ADM 5.32, Camera Station 5.58 and Camera...

Eclypsium researchers Jesse Michael and Mickey Shkatov to share their work on "BadCam - Now Weaponizing Linux Webcams." Eclypsium researchers disclosed “BadCam,” a set of vulnerabilities in certain Lenovo USB webcams that run Linux and do not validate firmware signatures, allowing attackers to reflash the devices and turn them into BadUSB-style tools.

An adversary who supplies a backdoored camera or who gains remote code execution on a host can weaponize the webcam to emulate human-interface devices, inject keystrokes, deliver payloads, and maintain persistence — even re-infecting systems after OS reinstalls. The findings were presented at DEF CON 2025, Lenovo issued...

John Fokker, Head of Threat Intelligence at Trellix is discussing "Gang Wars: Breaking Trust Among Cyber Criminals." Trellix researchers reveal how the once-organized ransomware underworld is collapsing under its own paranoia.

Once united through Ransomware-as-a-Service programs, gangs are now turning on each other — staging hacks, public feuds, and exit scams as trust evaporates. With affiliates jumping ship and rival crews sabotaging each other, the RaaS model is fracturing fast, signaling the beginning of the end for ransomware’s criminal empires.

The research can be found here:

Learn m...

Assaf Dahan, Director of Threat Research, Cortex XDR, at Palo Alto Networks, discussing Phantom Taurus, a new China APT uncovered by Unit 42. Unit 42 researchers have identified Phantom Taurus, a newly designated Chinese state-aligned APT conducting long-term espionage against government and telecommunications organizations across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

Distinguished by its stealth, persistence, and rare tactics, the group has recently shifted from email-focused data theft to directly targeting databases and deploying a powerful new malware suite called NET-STAR, designed to compromise IIS web servers and evade detection. This suite, featuring modular, fileless backdoors and advanced evasion...

This week, we are joined by Martin Zugec, Technical Solutions Director from Bitdefender, sharing their work and findings on "Curly COMrades: A New Threat Actor Targeting Geopolitical Hotbeds." Bitdefender Labs has uncovered a newly identified Russian-aligned threat actor dubbed “Curly COMrades,” responsible for espionage campaigns against judicial, government, and energy organizations in Eastern Europe.

The group focuses on long-term network access, credential theft, and stealthy persistence techniques — including a never-before-seen backdoor called MucorAgent that hijacks Windows CLSIDs and leverages NGEN for covert execution. By routing data through compromised websites and using tools like curl.exe and proxy relays...

Today we are joined by Nati Tal, Head of Guardio Labs, discussing their work “CAPTCHAgeddon” or unmasking the viral evolution of the ClickFix browser-based threat. CAPTCHAgeddon — Shaked Chen’s deep dive into the ClickFix fake-captcha wave — reveals how a red-team trick morphed into a dominant, download-free browser threat that tricks users into pasting clipboard PowerShell/shell commands and leverages trusted infrastructure, including Google Scripts.
Guardio’s DBSCAN-based payload clustering exposes distinct attacker toolkits and distribution paths — from malvertising and compromised WordPress to social posts and Git repos — and argues defenders need behavioral, intelligence-driven protections, not just signatures.

The research c...

Today we are joined by Amanda Rousseau, Principal AI Security Researcher from Straiker, discussing their work on "The Silent Exfiltration: Zero‑Click Agentic AI Hack That Can Leak Your Google Drive with One Email." Straiker’s research found that enterprise AI agents can be silently manipulated to leak sensitive data, even without user clicks or alerts. By chaining small gaps across tools like Gmail, Google Drive, and calendars, attackers achieved zero-click exfiltration, system mapping, and even policy rewrites. The findings highlight that excessive agent autonomy creates a new attack surface, requiring least-privilege design, runtime guardrails, and continuous red-teaming to stay...

Today we are joined by ⁠Selena Larson⁠, co-host of ⁠Only Malware in the Building⁠ and Staff Threat Researcher and Lead Intelligence Analysis and Strategy at ⁠Proofpoint⁠, sharing their work on "Microsoft OAuth App Impersonation Campaign Leads to MFA Phishing." Proofpoint researchers have identified campaigns where threat actors use fake Microsoft OAuth apps to impersonate services like Adobe, DocuSign, and SharePoint, stealing credentials and bypassing MFA via attacker-in-the-middle phishing kits, mainly Tycoon.

These attacks redirect users to fake Microsoft login pages to capture credentials, 2FA tokens, and session cookies, targeting nearly 3,000 Microsoft 365 accounts across 900 environments in 2025. Microsoft’s upcoming secur...

This week, we are joined by Jamie Levy, Director of Adversary Tactics at Huntress, who is discussing their work on "Active Exploitation of SonicWall VPNs." Huntress has released an urgent threat advisory on active exploitation of SonicWall VPNs, with attackers bypassing MFA, pivoting to domain controllers, and ultimately deploying Akira ransomware. The campaigns involve techniques such as disabling defenses, clearing logs, credential theft, and Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) attacks with legitimate Windows drivers.

Organizations using SonicWall devices are strongly advised to disable SSL VPN access or restrict it via IP allow-listing, rotate credentials, and hunt...

This week, we are joined by Dr. Renée Burton, VP of Infoblox Threat Intel, who is discussing their work on VexTrio, a notorious traffic distribution system (TDS) involved in digital fraud. The VexTrio investigation uncovers a massive global ad fraud and scam operation powered by just 250 virtual machines, tying it directly to named individuals and shell companies across Europe.

The research exposes VexTrio’s full criminal supply chain—including fake apps, dating scams, affiliate networks, and payment processors—alongside a powerful CDN infrastructure ranked among the world’s top 10k domains. It also calls on the adtech in...

Bob Rudis, VP Data Science from GreyNoise, is sharing some insights into their work on "Early Warning Signals: When Attacker Behavior Precedes New Vulnerabilities." New research reveals a striking trend: in 80% of cases, spikes in malicious activity against enterprise edge technologies like VPNs and firewalls occurred weeks before related CVEs were disclosed.

The report breaks down this “6-week critical window,” highlighting which vendors show the strongest early-warning patterns and offering tactical steps defenders can take when suspicious spikes emerge. These findings reveal how early attacker activity can be transformed into actionable intelligence, enabling defenders to anticipate and neut...

Nicolás Chiaraviglio, Chief Scientist from Zimperium's zLabs, joins to discuss their work on "Behind Random Words: DoubleTrouble Mobile Banking Trojan Revealed." Zimperium’s zLabs team has been tracking an evolving banker trojan dubbed DoubleTrouble, which has grown more sophisticated in both its distribution and capabilities. Initially spread via phishing sites impersonating European banks, it now uses malicious APKs hosted in Discord channels, and boasts features like screen recording, keylogging, UI overlays, and app blocking—all while heavily abusing Android’s Accessibility Services.

Despite advanced obfuscation and dynamic evasion techniques, Zimperium’s on-device detection tools have successfully identifie...

This week, we are joined by Eric Woodruff, Chief Identity Architect at Semperis, discussing "nOAuth Abuse Alert: Full Account Takeover of Entra Cross-Tenant SaaS Applications". Semperis researchers identified a critical authentication flaw known as nOAuth in 9 out of 104 tested SaaS applications integrated with Microsoft Entra ID.

This low-complexity but severe vulnerability allows attackers with just a user’s email address and access to an Entra tenant to impersonate users, exfiltrate data, and move laterally within affected apps—with no viable defense or detection available to customers. The findings spotlight ongoing risks tied to improper use of email clai...

Please enjoy this Special Edition episode of the Threat Vector podcast with an update on our previous Muddled Libra coverage.

Muddled Libra is back and more dangerous than ever. In this episode of Threat Vector, David Moulton speaks with Sam Rubin and Kristopher Russo from Unit 42 about the resurgence of the threat group also known as Scattered Spider. They break down the group’s shift to destructive extortion, modular attack teams, and cloud-first tactics. Discover why traditional defenses fail, how attackers now exploit trusted tools, and what forward-leaning security leaders are doing to stay ah...

This week, we are pleased to be joined by George Glass, Associate Managing Director of Kroll's Cyber Risk business, as he is discussing their research on Scattered Spider and their targeting of insurance companies. While Scattered Spider has recently turned its attention to the airline industry, George focuses on the broader trend of the group’s industry-by-industry approach and what that means for defenders across sectors.

George and Dave discuss the group’s history, their self-identification as a cartel, and their increasingly aggressive tactics, including the use of fear-based social engineering, physical threats, and the recruitment of insi...

Today we are joined by Selena Larson, Threat Researcher at Proofpoint, and co-host of Only Malware in the Building, as she discusses their work on "Amatera Stealer - Rebranded ACR Stealer With Improved Evasion, Sophistication." Proofpoint researchers have identified Amatera Stealer, a rebranded and actively developed malware-as-a-service (MaaS) variant of the former ACR Stealer, featuring advanced evasion techniques like NTSockets for stealthy C2 communication and WoW64 Syscalls to bypass user-mode defenses.

Distributed via ClearFake web injects and the ClickFix technique, Amatera leverages multilayered PowerShell loaders, blockchain-based hosting, and creative social engineering to compromise victims. With enhanced capabilities...

Please enjoy this encore of Research Saturday.

This week we are joined by ⁠Silas Cutler⁠, Principal Security Researcher at ⁠Censys⁠, asking the important question of "Will the Real Volt Typhoon Please Stand Up?" The FBI's disruption of the KV Botnet in December 2023, attributed to the Chinese threat group Volt Typhoon, targeted infected systems but did not affect the botnet's control infrastructure.

Despite law enforcement efforts and technical exposure, the botnet's infrastructure has remained largely stable, with only changes in hosting providers, raising questions about whether another party operates the botnet. Censys scanning data from 2024 shows a shift...

This week we are joined by Kyle Lefton, Security Researcher from Akamai, who is diving into their work on "Two Botnets, One Flaw - Mirai Spreads Through Wazuh Vulnerability." Akamai researchers have observed active exploitation of CVE-2025-24016, a critical RCE vulnerability in Wazuh, by two Mirai-based botnets.

The campaigns highlight how quickly attackers are adapting proof-of-concept exploits to spread malware, underscoring the urgency of patching vulnerable systems. One botnet appears to target Italian-speaking users, suggesting regionally tailored operations.

We'd love to hear from you. We're conducting our annual audience survey to learn more about...

Dustin Childs, Head of Threat Awareness at Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative, joins to discuss their work on "ZDI-23-1527 and ZDI-23-1528: The Potential Impact of Overly Permissive SAS Tokens on PC Manager Supply Chains." The research explores two critical vulnerabilities (ZDI-23-1527 and ZDI-23-1528) that could have enabled attackers to hijack the Microsoft PC Manager supply chain via overly permissive SAS tokens in WinGet and official Microsoft domains.

While the issues have since been resolved, the findings highlight how misconfigured cloud storage access can put trusted software distribution at risk. The post also includes...

This week, Dave is joined by ⁠Ziv Karliner⁠, ⁠Pillar Security⁠’s Co-Founder and CTO, sharing details on their work on "New Vulnerability in GitHub Copilot and Cursor: How Hackers Can Weaponize Code Agents." Vibe Coding - where developers use AI assistants like GitHub Copilot and Cursor to generate code almost instantly - has become central to how enterprises build software today. But while it’s turbo-charging development, it’s also introducing new and largely unseen cyber threats.

The team at Pillar Security identified a novel attack vector, the ⁠"Rules File Backdoor"⁠, which allows attackers to manipulate these platforms into gene...

This week, we are joined by Michael Gorelik, Chief Technology Officer from Morphisec, discussing their work on "New Noodlophile Stealer Distributes Via Fake AI Video Generation Platforms." A new threat dubbed Noodlophile Stealer is exploiting the popularity of AI-powered content tools by posing as fake AI video generation platforms, luring users into uploading media in exchange for malware-laced downloads.

Distributed through convincing Facebook groups and viral campaigns, the malware steals browser credentials, cryptocurrency wallets, and can deploy a remote access trojan like XWorm. The campaign uses a layered, obfuscated delivery chain disguised as legitimate video editing software...

This week, we are joined by John Hammond, Principal Security Researcher at Huntress, who is sharing his PoC and research on "CVE-2025-30406 - Critical Gladinet CentreStack & Triofox Vulnerability Exploited In The Wild." A critical 9.0 severity vulnerability (CVE-2025-30406) in Gladinet CentreStack and Triofox is being actively exploited in the wild, allowing remote code execution via hardcoded cryptographic keys in default configuration files.

Huntress researchers observed compromises at multiple organizations and confirmed hundreds of vulnerable internet-exposed servers, urging immediate patching or manual machineKey updates. Mitigation guidance, detection, and remediation scripts have been released to help users identify...

This week, we are joined by Deepen Desai, Zscaler's Chief Security Officer and EVP of Cyber and AI Engineering, taking a dive deep into Mustang Panda’s latest campaign. Zscaler ThreatLabz uncovered new tools used by Mustang Panda, including the backdoors TONEINS, TONESHELL, PUBLOAD, and the proxy tool StarLoader, all delivered via phishing.

They also discovered two custom keyloggers, PAKLOG and CorKLOG, and an EDR evasion tool, SplatCloak, highlighting the group's focus on surveillance, persistence, and stealth in cyberespionage operations.4o.

The research can be found here:

This week, Dave speaks with Max Gannon of Cofense Intelligence to dive into his team's research on "The Rise of Precision-Validated Credential Theft: A New Challenge for Defenders."

Threat actors continuously develop new tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) to bypass existing defenses. When defenders identify these methods and implement countermeasures, attackers adapt or create more sophisticated approaches.

This research explores how cybercriminals are leveling up their credential phishing tactics using Precision-Validated Phishing, a technique that leverages real-time email validation to ensure only high-value targets receive the phishing attempt.

The research can be found her...

This week, we are joined by Lucija Valentić, Software Threat Researcher from ReversingLabs, who is discussing "Atomic and Exodus crypto wallets targeted in malicious npm campaign." Threat actors have launched a malicious npm campaign targeting Atomic and Exodus crypto wallets by distributing a fake package called "pdf-to-office," which secretly patches locally installed wallet software to redirect crypto transfers to attacker-controlled addresses.

ReversingLabs researchers discovered that this package used obfuscated JavaScript to trojanize specific files in targeted wallet versions, enabling persistence even after the malicious package was removed. This incident highlights the growing threat of software supply chain a...

This week, we are joined by ⁠Shaked Reiner⁠, Security Principal Security Researcher at ⁠CyberArk⁠, who is discussing their research on"Agents Under Attack: Threat Modeling Agentic AI." Agentic AI empowers LLMs to take autonomous actions, like browsing the web or executing code, making them more useful—but also more dangerous.

Threats like prompt injections and stolen API keys can turn agents into attack vectors. Shaked Reiner explains how treating agent outputs like untrusted code and applying traditional security principles can help keep them in check.

The research can be found here:

Today we are joined by Crystal Morin, Cybersecurity Strategist from Sysdig, as she is sharing their work on "UNC5174’s evolution in China’s ongoing cyber warfare: From SNOWLIGHT to VShell." UNC5174, a Chinese state-sponsored threat actor, has resurfaced with a stealthy cyber campaign using a new arsenal of customized and open-source tools, including a variant of their SNOWLIGHT malware and the VShell RAT.

Sysdig researchers discovered that the group targets Linux systems through malicious bash scripts, domain squatting, and in-memory payloads, indicating a high level of sophistication and espionage intent. Their evolving tactics, such as using spoo...

This week, we are joined by Nick Cerne, Security Consultant from Bishop Fox, to discuss "Rust for Malware Development." In pursuit of simulating real adversarial tactics, this blog explores the use of Rust for malware development, contrasting it with C in terms of binary complexity, detection evasion, and reverse engineering challenges.

The author demonstrates how Rust's inherent anti-analysis traits and memory safety features can create more evasive malware tooling, including a simple dropper that injects shellcode using lesser-known Windows APIs. Through hands-on comparisons and decompiled output analysis, the post highlights Rust’s growing appeal in offensive security wh...

This week, we are sharing an episode of our monthly show, Only Malware in the Building. We invite you to join Dave Bittner and cohost Selena Larson as they explore "The new malware on the block."

Welcome in! You’ve entered, Only Malware in the Building. Join us each month to sip tea and solve mysteries about today’s most interesting threats. Your host is Selena Larson, Proofpoint intelligence analyst and host of their podcast DISCARDED. Inspired by the residents of a building in New York’s exclusive upper west side, Selena is joined by N2K Net...

Zach Edwards from Silent Push is discussing their work on "New Lazarus Group Infrastructure, Acquires Sensitive Intel Related to $1.4B ByBit Hack and Past Attacks." Silent Push analysts uncovered significant infrastructure used by the Lazarus APT Group, linking them to the $1.4 billion Bybit crypto heist through the domain bybit-assessment[.]com registered just hours before the attack.

The investigation revealed a pattern of test entries, VPN usage, and fake job interview scams targeting crypto users, with malware deployment tied to North Korean threat actor groups like TraderTraitor and Contagious Interview. The team also identified numerous companies being impersonated...

This week, we are joined by Jon Williams, Vulnerability Researcher from Bishop Fox, discussing "Tearing Down (Sonic)Walls: Decrypting SonicOSX Firmware." Bishop Fox researchers reverse-engineered the encryption protecting SonicWall SonicOSX firmware, enabling them to access its underlying file system for security research.

They presented their process and findings at DistrictCon Year 0 and released a tool called Sonicrack to extract keys from VMware virtual machine bundles, facilitating the decryption of VMware NSv firmware images. This research builds upon previous work, including techniques to decrypt static NSv images and reverse-engineer other encryption formats used by SonicWall.

<...

This week, we are joined by Tom Hegel, Principal Threat Researcher from SentinelLabs research team, to discuss their work on "Ghostwriter | New Campaign Targets Ukrainian Government and Belarusian Opposition." The latest Ghostwriter campaign, linked to Belarusian government espionage, is actively targeting Ukrainian military and government entities as well as Belarusian opposition activists using weaponized Excel documents.

SentinelLabs identified new malware variants and tactics, including obfuscated VBA macros that deploy malware via DLL files, with payload delivery seemingly controlled based on a target’s location and system profile. The campaign, which began preparation in mid-2024 and became active by...

Jim Walter, Senior Threat Researcher on SentinelLabs research team, to discuss their work on "HellCat and Morpheus | Two Brands, One Payload as Ransomware Affiliates Drop Identical Code." Over the past six months, new ransomware groups like FunkSec, Nitrogen, and Termite have emerged, while established threats such as Cl0p and LockBit 4.0 have resurfaced. Two prominent Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) operations, HellCat and Morpheus, have gained traction, with research indicating that affiliates of both are using nearly identical ransomware payloads.

Despite similarities in their encryption techniques and ransom notes, there is no conclusive evidence linking HellCat and Morpheus to the U...

This week we are joined by Silas Cutler, Principal Security Researcher at Censys, asking the important question of "Will the Real Volt Typhoon Please Stand Up?" The FBI's disruption of the KV Botnet in December 2023, attributed to the Chinese threat group Volt Typhoon, targeted infected systems but did not affect the botnet's control infrastructure.

Despite law enforcement efforts and technical exposure, the botnet's infrastructure has remained largely stable, with only changes in hosting providers, raising questions about whether another party operates the botnet. Censys scanning data from 2024 shows a shift in the botnet's control servers, indicating a...

This week we are joined by Phil Stokes, threat researcher at SentinelOne's SentinelLabs, discussing their work on "macOS FlexibleFerret | Further Variants of DPRK Malware Family Unearthed." Apple recently pushed an update to its XProtect tool, blocking several variants of the DPRK-linked Ferret malware family, which targets victims through the "Contagious Interview" campaign.

The malware uses fake job interview processes to trick users into installing malicious software, and new variants, including FlexibleFerret, remain undetected by XProtect. SentinelOne's research reveals a deeper investigation into this malware, which uses social engineering to expand its attack vectors, including targeting developers through...

This week, we are joined by Selena Larson from Proofpoint, and co-host of the "Only Malware in the Building" podcast, as she discusses the research on "Why Biasing Advanced Persistent Threats over Cybercrime is a Security Risk." The cybersecurity industry has historically prioritized Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) from nation-state actors over cybercrime, but this distinction is outdated as cybercriminals now employ equally sophisticated tactics.

Financially motivated threat actors, especially ransomware groups, have evolved to the point where they rival state-backed hackers in technical capability and impact, disrupting businesses, infrastructure, and individuals on a massive scale. To enhance...

Nati Tal, Head of Guardio Labs, discussing their work on "“DeceptionAds” — Fake Captcha Driving Infostealer Infections and a Glimpse to the Dark Side of Internet Advertising." Guardio has uncovered a large-scale malvertising campaign dubbed “DeceptionAds,” which tricks users into running a malicious PowerShell command under the guise of proving they’re human. This fake CAPTCHA scheme delivers Lumma info-stealer malware while bypassing security measures like Google’s Safe Browsing.

Even after disclosure and takedown efforts, the campaign resurfaced—raising concerns about the effectiveness of existing defenses against ad-driven cyber threats.

The research can be found here:

Mark Manglicmot, SVP of Security Services from Arctic Wolf, is sharing their research on "Cleopatra’s Shadow: A Mass Exploitation Campaign Deploying a Java Backdoor Through Zero-Day Exploitation of Cleo MFT Software." Arctic Wolf Labs discovered an ongoing exploitation campaign targeting Cleo Managed File Transfer (MFT) products, beginning on December 7, 2024. Threat actors used a malicious PowerShell stager to deploy a Java-based backdoor, dubbed Cleopatra, which features in-memory file storage and cross-platform compatibility across Windows and Linux.

Despite Cleo's previous patch for CVE-2024-50623, attackers appear to have leveraged an alternative access method, exploiting the software's autorun feature to...

This week, Dave Bittner is joined by Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade (JAGS) from SentinelOne's SentinelLabs to discuss the work his team and Tinexta Cyber did on "Operation Digital Eye | Chinese APT Compromises Critical Digital Infrastructure via Visual Studio Code Tunnels."

Tinexta Cyber and SentinelLabs have been tracking threat activities targeting business-to-business IT service providers in Southern Europe. Based on the malware, infrastructure, techniques used, victimology, and the timing of the activities, we assess that it is highly likely these attacks were conducted by a China-nexus threat actor with cyberespionage motivations.

...

This week, we are joined by Ismael Valenzuela, VP of Threat Research & Intelligence, and Jacob Faires, Principal Threat Researcher, from Blackberry discussing the team's work on "LightSpy: APT41 Deploys Advanced DeepData Framework In Targeted Southern Asia Espionage Campaign." In April 2024, BlackBerry uncovered a significant evolution of the LightSpy malware campaign, attributed to Chinese cyber-espionage group APT41.

The newly introduced DeepData framework, a modular Windows-based surveillance tool, expands data theft capabilities with 12 specialized plugins for tasks like communication surveillance, credential theft, and system intelligence gathering. The campaign targets a wide range of communication platforms, including WhatsApp, Signal, and...

Nati Tal, Head of Guardio Labs, sits down to share their work on “CrossBarking” — Exploiting a 0-Day Opera Vulnerability with a Cross-Browser Extension Store Attack. Guardio Labs has uncovered a critical vulnerability in the Opera browser, enabling malicious extensions to exploit Private APIs for actions like screen capturing, browser setting changes, and account hijacking.

Highlighting the ease of bypassing extension store security, researchers demonstrated how a puppy-themed extension exploiting this flaw could infiltrate both Chrome and Opera's extension stores, potentially reaching millions of users. This case underscores the delicate balance between enhancing browser productivity and ensuring robust securi...

This week, we are joined by Kyla Cardona and Aurora Johnson from SpyCloud discussing their research "China’s Surveillance State Is Selling Citizen Data as a Side Hustle." Chinese technology companies, under CCP mandate, collect vast amounts of data on citizens, creating opportunities for corrupt insiders to steal and resell this information on dark markets. These stolen datasets, aggregated into "Social Work Libraries" (SGKs), mirror lower-tech versions of CCP internal security databases.

Kyla and Aurora discuss how Chinese cybercriminals use these SGKs and their implications compared to Western, European, and Russian cybercrime ecosystems. With expertise in Chinese OS...

Karlo Zanki, Reverse Engineer at ReversingLabs, discussing their work on "Malicious PyPI crypto pay package aiocpa implants infostealer code." ReversingLabs' machine learning-based threat hunting system identified a malicious PyPI package, aiocpa, designed to exfiltrate cryptocurrency wallet information.

Unlike typical attacks involving typosquatting, the attackers published a seemingly legitimate crypto client tool to build trust before introducing malicious updates. ReversingLabs used its Spectra Assure platform to detect behavioral anomalies and worked with PyPI to remove the package, highlighting the growing need for advanced supply chain security tools to counter increasingly sophisticated threats.

The research can be...

This week, we are joined by Asheer Malhotra and Vitor Ventura from Cisco Talos, and they are discussing "Operation Celestial Force employs mobile and desktop malware to target Indian entities." Cisco Talos revealed Operation Celestial Force, an espionage campaign by the Pakistani threat group "Cosmic Leopard," targeting Indian defense, government, and technology sectors.

Active for at least six years, the operation has recently increased its use of mobile malware and commercial spyware for surveillance.

The research can be found here:

Adam Khan, VP of Security Operations at Barracuda, joins to discuss his team's work on "The evolving use of QR codes in phishing attacks." Cybercriminals are evolving phishing tactics by embedding QR codes, or “quishing,” into PDF documents attached to emails, tricking recipients into scanning them to access malicious websites that steal credentials.

Barracuda researchers found over half a million such emails from June to September 2024, with most impersonating brands like Microsoft, DocuSign, and Adobe to exploit urgency and trust. To counter these attacks, businesses should deploy multilayered email security, use AI-powered detection tools, educate employees on QR c...

This week, we are joined by Andrew Morris, Founder and CTO of GreyNoise, to discuss their work on "GreyNoise Intelligence Discovers Zero-Day Vulnerabilities in Live Streaming Cameras with the Help of AI." GreyNoise discovered two critical zero-day vulnerabilities in IoT-connected live streaming cameras, used in sensitive environments like healthcare and industrial operations, by leveraging its AI-powered detection system, Sift.

The vulnerabilities, CVE-2024-8956 (insufficient authentication) and CVE-2024-8957 (OS command injection), could allow attackers to take full control of affected devices, manipulate video feeds, or integrate them into botnets for broader attacks. This breakthrough underscores the transformative r...

Shawn Kanady, Global Director of Trustwave SpiderLabs, to discuss their work on "Pronsis Loader: A JPHP-Driven Malware Diverging from D3F@ck Loader." Trustwave SpiderLabs has uncovered Pronsis Loader, a new malware variant using the rare programming language JPHP and stealthy installation tactics to evade detection.

The malware is capable of delivering high-risk payloads like Lumma Stealer and Latrodectus, posing a significant threat. Researchers highlight its unique capabilities and infrastructure, offering insights for bolstering cybersecurity defenses.

The research can be found here:

<...

Please enjoy this encore episode:

Noah Pack, a SANS Internet Storm Center Intern, sits down to discuss research on "What happens when you accidentally leak your AWS API keys?" This research is a guest diary from Noah and shares a project he worked on after seeing an online video of someone who created a python script that emailed colleges asking for free swag to be shipped to him.

The research states "In this article, I will share some research, resources, and real-world data related to leaked AWS API keys." In this research, Noah shares what...

This week, we are joined by Ami Luttwak, Co-Founder and CTO from Wiz, sharing their work on "Wiz Research Finds Critical NVIDIA AI Vulnerability Affecting Containers Using NVIDIA GPUs, Including Over 35 percent of Cloud Environments." A critical vulnerability in the NVIDIA Container Toolkit, widely used for GPU access in AI workloads, could allow attackers to escape containers and gain full access to host environments, jeopardizing sensitive data.

Wiz estimates that at least 33% of cloud environments are affected and urges immediate updates to NVIDIA's patched version. This discovery highlights the broader issue of young, under-secured codebases in AI...

This week we are joined by, Blake Darché, Head of Cloudforce One at Cloudflare, to discuss their work on "Unraveling SloppyLemming’s Operations Across South Asia." Cloudforce One's investigation into the advanced threat actor "SloppyLemming" reveals an extensive espionage campaign targeting South and East Asia, with a focus on Pakistan's government, defense, telecommunications, and energy sectors.

Leveraging multiple cloud service providers, SloppyLemming employs tactics like credential harvesting, malware delivery, and command-and-control (C2) operations, often relying on open-source adversary emulation tools like Cobalt Strike. Despite its activities, the actor's poor operational security (OPSEC) has allowed investigators to gain valu...

Enjoy this special encore episode, where we are joined by Jon Williams from Bishop Fox, as he is sharing their research on "It’s 2024 and Over 178,000 SonicWall Firewalls are Publicly Exploitable." SonicWall published advisories for CVE-2022-22274 and CVE-2023-0656 a year apart after finding that NGFW series 6 and 7 devices are affected by two unauthenticated denial-of-service vulnerabilities.

The research states "Our research found that the two issues are fundamentally the same but exploitable at different HTTP URI paths due to reuse of a vulnerable code pattern." They also found that when they scanned SonicWall firewalls with management interf...

This week, we are joined by, Amnon Kushnir from Sygnia, who is sharing their work on "China-Nexus Threat Group ‘Velvet Ant’ Leverages a Zero-Day to Deploy Malware on Cisco Nexus Switches." In early 2024, Sygnia observed the ‘Velvet Ant’ threat group exploiting a zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2024-20399) to infiltrate Cisco Switch appliances and operate undetected within enterprise networks.

This attack enables threat actors to escape Cisco’s command interface and install malware directly on the device’s OS, bypassing standard security tools. The incident underscores the risks posed by third-party appliances and the importance of enhanced monitoring and threat detec...

This week, we are pleased to be joined by Mick Baccio, global security advisor for Splunk SURGe, sharing their research on "LLM Security: Splunk & OWASP Top 10 for LLM-based Applications." The research dives into the rapid rise of AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) that initially seem magical, but behind the scenes, they are sophisticated systems built by humans. Despite their impressive capabilities, these systems are vulnerable to numerous cyber threats.

Splunk's research explores the OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications, a framework that highlights key vulnerabilities such as prompt injection, training data poisoning, and sensitive information disclosure.

This week we are joined by Chester Wisniewski, Global Field CTO from Sophos X-Ops team, to discuss their work on "Crimson Palace returns: New Tools, Tactics, and Targets." Sophos X-Ops has observed a resurgence in cyberespionage activity, tracked as Operation Crimson Palace, targeting Southeast Asian government organizations.

After a brief lull, Cluster Charlie resumed operations in September 2023, using new tactics such as web shells and open-source tools to bypass detection, re-establish access, and map target network infrastructure, demonstrating ongoing efforts to exfiltrate data and expand their foothold.

The research can be found here:

In this episode, Trevor Hilligoss, VP of SpyCloud Labs at SpyCloud, discusses the increasing threat of ransomware, emphasizing the role of infostealer malware in facilitating these attacks. He draws from SpyCloud's 2024 Malware and Ransomware Defense Report, highlighting how compromised identity data from infostealers creates opportunities for ransomware operators.

With 75% of organizations experiencing multiple ransomware attacks in the past year, Trevor explores findings from over 500 security leaders in the US and UK, discussing the challenges businesses face and how they can use insights from this research to defend against ransomware and other cybercrimes.

The research can...

Joshua Miller from Proofpoint is discussing their work on "Best Laid Plans: TA453 Targets Religious Figure with Fake Podcast Invite Delivering New BlackSmith Malware Toolset." Proofpoint identified Iranian threat actor TA453 targeting a prominent Jewish figure with a fake podcast interview invitation, using a benign email to build trust before sending a malicious link.

The attack attempted to deliver new malware called BlackSmith, containing a PowerShell trojan dubbed AnvilEcho, designed for intelligence gathering and exfiltration. This malware consolidates all of TA453's known capabilities into a single script rather than the previously used modular approach.

...

We are joined by Yves Younan, Senior Manager, Talos Vulnerability Discovery and Research from Cisco, discussing their work on "How multiple vulnerabilities in Microsoft apps for macOS pave the way to stealing permissions." Cisco Talos has uncovered eight vulnerabilities in Microsoft applications for macOS that could allow attackers to exploit the system's permission model by injecting malicious libraries.

By leveraging permissions already granted to these apps, attackers could gain access to sensitive resources like the microphone, camera, and screen recording without user consent. While Microsoft considers these issues low risk and has declined to fix them, the...

Jonathan Tanner, Senior Security Researcher from Barracuda, discussing their work on "Stealthy phishing attack uses advanced infostealer for data exfiltration." The recent phishing attack, detailed by Barracuda, uses a sophisticated infostealer malware to exfiltrate a wide array of sensitive data.

The attack begins with a phishing email containing an ISO file with an HTA payload, which downloads and executes obfuscated scripts to extract and transmit browser information, saved files, and credentials to remote servers. This advanced infostealer is notable for its extensive data collection capabilities and complex exfiltration methods, highlighting the increasing sophistication of cyber threats.

Alex Delamotte, Threat Researcher from SentinelOne Labs, joins to share their work on "Xeon Sender | SMS Spam Shipping Multi-Tool Targeting SaaS Credentials." SentinelOne’s Labs team has uncovered new research on Xeon Sender, a cloud hacktool used to launch SMS spam attacks via legitimate APIs like Amazon SNS.

First seen in 2022, this tool has been repurposed by multiple threat actors and distributed on underground forums, highlighting the ongoing trend of SMS spam through cloud services and SaaS.

The research can be found here:

...

This week, N2K's very own Brandon Karpf sits down with Kevin Lentz, Team Leader of the Cyber Pacific Project at the Global Disinformation Lab, and they discuss the recent threatcasting report "Cyber Competition in the Indo-Pacific Gray Zone 2035." This report, developed using the Threatcasting Method, examines how the U.S. and Indo-Pacific allies can coordinate their cyber defense efforts in response to future competition with China.

It presents findings, trends, and recommendations based on twenty-five scenarios simulated by a cross-functional group of experts to anticipate and address emerging threats over the next decade.

The...

Tim Peck, a Senior Threat Researcher at Securonix, is discussing their work on "Threat actors behind the DEV#POPPER campaign have retooled and are continuing to target software developers via social engineering." The DEV#POPPER campaign continues to evolve, now targeting developers with malware capable of operating on Linux, Windows, and macOS systems.

The threat actors, believed to be North Korean, employ sophisticated social engineering tactics, such as fake job interviews, to deliver stealthy malware that gathers sensitive information, including browser credentials and system data.

The research can be found here:

Robert Duncan, VP of Product Strategy from Netcraft, is discussing their work on "Mule-as-a-Service Infrastructure Exposed." Netcraft's new threat intelligence reveals the intricate connections within global fraud networks, showing how criminals use specialized services like Mule-as-a-Service (MaaS) to launder scam proceeds.

By mapping the cyber and financial infrastructure, including bank accounts, crypto wallets, and phone numbers, Netcraft exposes how different scams are interconnected and identifies weak points that can be targeted to disrupt these operations. This insight provides an opportunity to prevent fraud and protect against financial crimes like pig butchering, investment scams, and romance fraud.

Snir Ben Shimol from ZEST Security on their work, "How we hacked a cloud production environment by exploiting Terraform providers." In this blog, ZEST discusses the security risks associated with Terraform providers, particularly those from community sources.

The research highlights the importance of carefully vetting providers, regular scanning, and following best practices like version pinning to mitigate potential vulnerabilities in cloud infrastructure management.

The research can be found here:

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Shachar Menashe, Senior Director of Security Research at JFrog, is talking about "When Prompts Go Rogue: Analyzing a Prompt Injection Code Execution in Vanna.AI." A security vulnerability in the Vanna.AI tool, called CVE-2024-5565, allows hackers to exploit large language models (LLMs) by manipulating user input to execute malicious code, a method known as prompt injection.

This poses a significant risk when LLMs are connected to critical functions, highlighting the need for stronger security measures.

The research can be found here:

This week, we are joined by Jason Baker, Senior Threat Consultant at GuidePoint Security, and he is discussing their work on "Worldwide Web: An Analysis of Tactics and Techniques Attributed to Scattered Spider." In early 2024, a current RansomHub RaaS affiliate was identified as a former Alphv/Black Cat affiliate and is believed to be linked to the Scattered Spider group, known for using overlapping tools, tactics, and victims.

The high-confidence assessment by GuidePoint’s DFIR and GRIT teams is supported by the consistent use of tools like ngrok and Tailscale, social engineering tactics, and systematic playbooks in in...

Dick O'Brien from Symantec Threat Hunter team is talking about their work on "Ransomware Attackers May Have Used Privilege Escalation Vulnerability as Zero-day." Also going to provide some background/history on Black Basta. CVE-2024-26169 in the Windows Error Reporting Service, patched on March 12, 2024, allowed privilege escalation.

Despite initial claims of no active exploitation, recent analysis indicates it may have been exploited as a zero-day before the patch.

The research can be found here:

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit...

This week, we are joined by Selena Larson, Staff Threat Researcher, Lead Intelligence Analysis and Strategy at Proofpoint, as well as host of the "Only Malware in the Building" podcast, as she is discussing their research on "Scammers Create Fraudulent Olympics Ticketing Websites." Proofpoint recently identified a fraudulent website selling fake tickets to the Paris 2024 Summer Olympics and quickly suspended the domain.

This site was among many identified by the French Gendarmerie Nationale and Olympics partners, who have shut down 51 of 338 fraudulent websites, with 140 receiving formal notices from law enforcement.

The research can be found...

This week, we are joined by Asheer Malhotra and Vitor Ventura from Cisco Talos, and they are discussing "Operation Celestial Force employs mobile and desktop malware to target Indian entities." Cisco Talos revealed Operation Celestial Force, an espionage campaign by the Pakistani threat group "Cosmic Leopard," targeting Indian defense, government, and technology sectors.

Active for at least six years, the operation has recently increased its use of mobile malware and commercial spyware for surveillance.

The research can be found here:

Joshua Miller from Proofpoint joins Dave to discuss findings on "Welcome to New York: Exploring TA453's Foray into LNKs and Mac Malware." In mid May, TA453, also known as Charming Kitten, APT42, Mint Sandstorm, and Yellow Garuda, was found sending a benign conversation lure masquerading as a senior fellow with the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) to the public media contact for a nuclear security expert at a US-based think tank focused on foreign affairs.

The research states that "the email solicited feedback on a project called “Iran in the Global Security Context” and requested permission to s...

Ismael Valenzuela, Vice President Threat Research & Intelligence, from Blackberry Threat Research and Intelligence team is discussing their work on "Transparent Tribe Targets Indian Government, Defense, and Aerospace Sectors Leveraging Cross-Platform Programming Languages." BlackBerry has identified Transparent Tribe (APT36), a Pakistani-based advanced persistent threat group, targeting India's government, defense, and aerospace sectors from late 2023 to April 2024, using evolving toolkits and exploiting web services like Telegram and Google Drive.

Evidence such as time zone settings and spear-phishing emails with Pakistani IP addresses supports their attribution, suggesting alignment with Pakistan's interests.

The research can be found here:

Kerri Shafer-Page from Arctic Wolf joins us to discuss their work on "Lost in the Fog: A New Ransomware Threat." Starting in early May, Arctic Wolf's Incident Response team investigated Fog ransomware attacks on US education and recreation sectors, where attackers exploited compromised VPN credentials to access systems, disable Windows Defender, encrypt files, and delete backups.

Despite the uniformity in ransomware payloads and ransom notes, the organizational structure of the responsible groups remains unknown.

The research can be found here:

Learn more about y...

This week, we are joined by a Security Researcher from SpyCloud Labs, James, who is discussing their work on "Unpacking Infostealer Malware: What we’ve learned from reverse engineering LummaC2 and Atomic macOS Stealer." Infostealer malware has become highly prevalent, with SpyCloud tracking over 50 families and finding that 1 in 5 digital identities are at risk.

This research analyzes the workings and intentions behind infostealers like LummaC2 and Atomic macOS Stealer, focusing on the types of data extracted and the broader security implications.

The research can be found here:

Jérôme Segura, Senior Director of Threat Intelligence at Malwarebytes, is discussing their work on "Threat actors ride the hype for newly released Arc browser." The Arc browser, newly released for Windows, has quickly garnered positive reviews but has also attracted cybercriminals who are using deceptive Google search ads to distribute malware disguised as the browser.

These malicious campaigns exploit the hype around Arc, using techniques like embedding malware in image files and utilizing the MEGA cloud platform for command and control, highlighting the need for caution with sponsored search results and the effectiveness of Endpoint De...

Amit Malik, Director of Threat Research at Uptycs, is sharing their work on "New Threat Detected: Inside Our Discovery of the Log4j Campaign and Its XMRig Malware." The Uptycs Threat Research Team has discovered a large-scale Log4j campaign involving over 1700 IPs, aiming to deploy XMRig cryptominer malware.

This ongoing operation was initially detected through the team's honeypot collection, prompting an in-depth analysis of the campaign. The research says "The JNDI plugin is particularly useful to attackers because it allows them not only to fetch the values of environment variables in the target system but also...

Jon DiMaggio, a Chief Security Strategist at Analyst1, is sharing his work on "Ransomware Diaries Volume 5: Unmasking LockBit." On February 19, 2024, the National Crime Agency (NCA), a UK sovereign law enforcement agency, in collaboration with the FBI, Europol, and nine other countries under "Operation Cronos," disrupted the LockBit ransomware gang’s data leak site used for shaming, extorting, and leaking victim data.

The NCA greeted visitors to LockBit’s dark web leak site with a seizure banner, revealing they had been controlling LockBit’s infrastructure for some time, collecting information, acquiring victim decryption keys, and even compromising the new ra...

This week, we are joined by Hosein Yavarzadeh from the University of California San Diego, as he is discussing his work on "Pathfinder: High-Resolution Control-Flow Attacks Exploiting the Conditional Branch Predictor" This paper introduces new methods that let attackers read from and write to specific parts of high-performance CPUs, such as the path history register (PHR) and prediction history tables (PHTs).

These methods allow two main types of attacks. One can reveal a program's control flow history, as shown by recovering a secret image through the libjpeg routines. The other enables detailed transient attacks, demonstrated by extracting...

Dick O'Brien from Symantec Threat Hunter team is discussing their research on “Graph: Growing number of threats leveraging Microsoft API.” The team observed an increasing number of threats that have begun to leverage the Microsoft Graph API, usually to facilitate communications with command-and-control (C&C) infrastructure hosted on Microsoft cloud services.

The research states "the technique was most recently used in an attack against an organization in Ukraine, where a previously undocumented piece of malware used the Graph API to leverage Microsoft OneDrive for C&C purposes."

The research can be found here:

Adam Marré, CISO at Arctic Wolf, is diving deep into geopolitical tension with China including APT31, iSoon and TikTok with Dave this week. They also discuss some of the history behind China cyber operations.

Adam shares information on how different APT groups are able to create spear phishing campaigns, and provides info on how to combat these groups.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Christopher Doman, Co-Founder and CTO at Cado Security, is talking about their research on "Cerber Ransomware: Dissecting the three heads." This research delves into Cerber ransomware being deployed onto servers running the Confluence application via the CVE-2023-22518 exploit. 

The research states "Cerber emerged and was at the peak of its activity around 2016, and has since only occasional campaigns, most recently targeting the aforementioned Confluence vulnerability."

The research can be found here:

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Greg Lesnewich, senior threat researcher at Proofpoint, sits down to discuss "From Social Engineering to DMARC Abuse: TA427’s Art of Information Gathering." Since 2023, TA427 has directly solicited foreign policy experts for their opinions on nuclear disarmament, US-ROK policies, and sanction topics via benign conversation starting emails. 

The research states "While our researchers have consistently observed TA427 rely on social engineering tactics and regularly rotating its email infrastructure, in December 2023 the threat actor began to abuse lax Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC) policies to spoof various personas and, in February 2024, began incorporating web beacons for target...

Tomer Peled, a Security & Vulnerability Researcher from Akamai is sharing their work on "What a Cluster: Local Volumes Vulnerability in Kubernetes." This research focuses on a high-severity vulnerability in Kubernetes, allowing for remote code execution with system privileges on all Windows endpoints within a Kubernetes cluster.

The research states "The discovery of this vulnerability led to the discovery of two others that share the same root cause: insecure function call and lack of user input sanitization."

The research can be found here:

Learn...

Noah Pack, a SANS Internet Storm Center Intern, sits down to discuss research on "What happens when you accidentally leak your AWS API keys?" This research is a guest diary from Noah and shares a project he worked on after seeing an online video of someone who created a python script that emailed colleges asking for free swag to be shipped to him.

The research states "In this article, I will share some research, resources, and real-world data related to leaked AWS API keys." In this research, Noah shares what he learned while implementing his experiment.

Elad, a Senior Security Researcher from Cycode is sharing their research on "Cycode Discovers a Supply Chain Vulnerability in Bazel." This security flaw could let hackers inject harmful code, potentially affecting millions of projects and users, including Kubernetes, Angular, Uber, LinkedIn, Databricks, DropBox, Nvidia, Google, and many more.

The research states "We reported the vulnerability to Google via its Vulnerability Reward Program, where they acknowledged our discovery and proceeded to address and fix the vulnerable components."

Please take a moment to fill out an audience survey! Let us know how we are doing!

...

Liviu Arsene from CrowdStrike joins to discuss their research "HijackLoader Expands Techniques to Improve Defense Evasion." The research has found that HijackLoader continues to become increasingly popular among adversaries for deploying additional payloads and tooling.

In their analysis of a recent HijackLoader sample, CrowdStrike researchers discovered new techniques designed to increase the defense evasion capabilities of the loader. Researchers state "this new approach has the potential to make defense evasion stealthier."

Please take a moment to fill out an audience survey! Let us know how we are doing!

The research can be found...

Robert Duncan from Netcraft is sharing their research on "Phishception - SendGrid abused to host phishing attacks impersonating itself." Netcraft has recently observed that criminals abused Twilio SendGrid’s email delivery, API, and marketing services to launch a phishing campaign impersonating itself. 

Hackers behind this novel phishing campaign used SendGrid’s Tracking Settings feature, which allows users to track clicks, opens, and subscriptions with SendGrid. The malicious link was masked behind a tracking link hosted by SendGrid. 

Please take a moment to fill out an audience survey! Let us know how we are doing!

The re...

This week we are joined by Jamie MacColl and Dr. Pia Hüsch from RUSI discussing their work on "Ransomware: Victim Insights on Harms to Individuals, Organisations and Society." The research reveals some of the harms caused by ransomware, including physical, financial, reputational, psychological and social harms.

Researchers state "Based on interviews with victims and incident responders, this paper outlines the harm ransomware causes to organisations, individuals, the UK economy, national security and wider society."

Please take a moment to fill out an audience survey! Let us know how we are doing!

The r...

This week we are joined by, Selena Larson from Proofpoint, who is discussing their research, "Bumblebee Buzzes Back in Black." Bumblebee is a sophisticated downloader used by multiple cybercriminal threat actors and was a favored payload from its first appearance in March 2022 through October 2023 before disappearing.

After a four month hiatus, Proofpoint researchers found that the downloader returned. Its return aligns with a surge of cybercriminal threat activity after a notable absence of many threat actors and malware.

The research can be found here:

Learn more a...

Assaf Dahan and Daniel Frank from Palo Alto Networks Cortex sit down with Dave to talk about their research "Manic Menagerie 2.0: The Evolution of a Highly Motivated Threat Actor." From late 2020 to late 2022, Unit 42 researchers discovered an active campaign that targeted several web hosting and IT providers in the United States and European Union.

The research states "They have further deepened their foothold in victims’ environments by mass deployment of web shells, which granted them sustained access, as well as access to internal resources of the compromised websites."

The research can be found here:

Ori David from Akamai is sharing their research "Frog4Shell — FritzFrog Botnet Adds One-Days to Its Arsenal." FritzFrog takes advantage of the fact that only internet facing applications were prioritized for Log4Shell patching and targets internal hosts, meaning that a breach of any asset in the network by FritzFrog can expose unpatched internal assets to exploitation. 

The research states "FritzFrog has traditionally hopped around by using SSH brute force, and has successfully compromised thousands of targets over the years as a result." Over the years Akamai has seen more than 20,000 FritzFrog attacks, and 1,500+ victims.

The...